Robotics & AI Ethics

Purpose: Conflicts between Korea, the United States, Japan, North Korea, China, and Russia continue along with the competition for supremacy between the United States and China, and conflicts between South and North Korea and between China and Taiwan continue as the Korean Peninsula is an area with a high possibility of military conflict. However, even in North Korea, China, and Russia, which are closed countries, the influence of the soft power of cultural content such as dramas through the Internet is bringing about changes in collective sentiment even in closed countries. Due to these phenomena, Northeast Asia, which has been confronted with military power, is facing a new phase, and we wanted to discuss the use of AI technology in information warfare by the soft power of the Intelligence Agency. Method: For the expansion of AI use and research on information warfare, the historical cases of Northeast Asia were analyzed, and the evolution of literature and media was reviewed to understand the phenomenon of artificial intelligence (AI) after the 4th industrial revolution, and the themes were selected. In addition, related data were collected and reviewed, and an attempt was made to theoretically establish the research results academically. Results: 1. Northeast Asia is undergoing a transition from order based on hard power through military power to soft power based on cultural content. Just as the spread of culture has expanded faster and deeper the more it is controlled by the state, many researchers in Northeast Asia sympathize with the collapse of the system when asked how long such surveillance and control by dictatorships such as China and North Korea will be possible. According to this phenomenon, the influence of the power of culture on society was analyzed. 2. Artificial intelligence (AI) learning information will adversely affect sound soft power due to manipulated in-formation and biased algorithm learning data. Due to this loophole, the Intelligence Agency will launch an information war using artificial intelligence (AI) technology that suits its own interests. In addition, the Internet will accelerate the propagation speed of distorted soft power and penetrate deeply into human life. Therefore, the Intelligence Agency is expected to analyze the influence of this distorted soft power on its country and start blocking and defending against attacks. Conclusion: 1. The legal system before the advent of AI is expected to be modified or supplemented by more than 50% after the advent of AI. In accordance with this paradigm shift, the authority of the Intelligence Agency in the information warfare of AI was divided into the right to investigate, the right to investigate, and the right to operate. 2. In response to the threat of using artificial intelligence (AI) in information warfare, the government of the country not only expanded the size of the Intelligence Agency but also proposed a hybrid structure of cooperation with the private sector, that is, a model of ‘hybrid defense’. Lastly, in 1983, when tensions between the US and the Soviet Union were in the Cold War, the state-of-the-art scientific equipment, a satellite for detecting nu-clear missiles, recognized the US ICBM launch warning. In response, Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov, commander of the Watch Command of the Soviet Air Defense Force, determined through human intuition that this was a computer error. It reexamined the case of preventing World War III by judging computer errors through human intuition, not judgment of scientific equipment, and suggested ethical issues in information warfare.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and propose a model that allows humans and AI to collaborate in the process of making decisions about ethical issues. Due to AI's autonomy and mission performance capabilities, AI is sometimes viewed as an agent competing with humans. However, since the autonomy and mission performance capabilities of AI are applied at very diverse levels and areas, it is necessary to set certain categories and review their application. This study sought to reveal that more valid decisions can be made by collaborating between humans and AI in the category of ethical decision-making. Method: This study uses methods of literature research and development research. First, using literature re-search to review various previous studies to understand the autonomy of AI in the relationship between humans and AI. Next, analyzing the meaning and characteristics of ethical judgment. Next, looking at a series of models that explain decision making. Second, using development research methods, for design and propose a model in which humans and AI appropriately collaborate in the process of making ethical decisions. Results: The results of this study reveal the following points. First, the results of ethical decision-making by humans and AI involve greater responsibility and related issues than the results of general decision-making. Second, in order to solve these problems, it is necessary to utilize collective intelligence through collective decision-making and at the same time distribute responsibility. Third, as a public and collective entity functioning as a committee, humans become the subjects of final judgment and responsibility, and AI must play a role in actively and functionally assisting such judgment. Fourth, this decision-making process needs to be presented in the form of a model as a principle that can be applied to various specific cases. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study suggests that effective and valid ethical decisions can be made through collaboration between humans and AI in the ethical communication process. And based on this, we present a collaboration model between humans and AI. This model consists of the following steps: First, AI should be actively involved in the process of exploring data sources, collecting data, storing data, and refining and analyzing data for ethical decisions. Second, ethical decisions based on this are made by a human community in the form of a committee as a group thinking process. Third, allow humans and AI to evaluate and exchange opinions on the results of these ethical judgments through mutual feedback and collaboration.

Purpose: This study aims to examine ethical issues following the emergence of ChatGPT, evaluate ChatGPT with a focus on moral competence, and seek ethical solutions. Methods: This study tries to use various literature and various media reports from the East and West dealing with the technology, operation method, and ethical issues of ChatGPT. In the detailed analysis of moral problems following the emergence of ChatGPT, the satisfaction of each element was evaluated based on moral competence, and alternatives were presented. Result: As a result of the study, the ethical issues that can be raised following the emergence of ChatGPT include the possibility of plagiarism and copyright infringement, damage to the fairness of the test, use for criminal purposes, occurrence of social stereotypes and unfair discrimination, invasion of personal privacy and organization's Security exposure, reduced critical thinking, and loss of genuine human relationships. And as a result of evaluating the ethical issues of ChatGPT centering on moral competence, it is evaluated that moral identity, moral sensitivity, and moral practice are possible to implement, but moral judgment is evaluated to have many limitations. In order to solve these ethical problems, a utilitarian approach was proposed. Conclusion: The most optimal decisions and actions related to the design, development, adoption, deployment, maintenance and evolution of ChatGPT should do the most good or the least harm to society. To do this, responsible AI toolkits and frameworks must have an ethical perspective built in, allowing for a balanced view of what is right and wrong. Along with this, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed to create a good AI society.